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Video
In just two decades Vietnam's exports have skyrocketed. In the same time period, their GDP per capita also took a big jump from from 3 And, this is probably the only nation in Southeast Asia whose economy remained in a good shape despite the pandemic.
In 1986 Vietnam launched a political and economic innovation campaign Doi Moi that introduced reforms intended to facilitate the transition from a centralized economy to a "socialist-oriented market economy. Doi Moi combined government planning with free-market incentives. This was similar to what China was doing at that time. At first the program abolished agricultural collectives, removed price controls on agricultural goods, and enabled farmers to sell their goods in the marketplace. It encouraged the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment, including foreign-owned enterprises. By the late 1990s, the success of the business and agricultural reforms under Doi Moi was incredible. More than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing at an annual rate of more than 7 percent. From the early 1990s to 2005, poverty declined from about 50 percent to 29 percent of the population. However, progress varied geographically, with most development concentrated in urban areas. While the country has shifted toward a more market-oriented economy, the Vietnamese government still continues to hold a tight rein over major sectors of the economy, such as the banking system, state-owned enterprises, and areas of foreign trade.
Also from the last 20-30 years Vietnam invested a lot in its human capital and infrastructure. Vietnam made large public investments in primary education. This was necessary, as a growing population also means a growing need for jobs. But Vietnam also invested heavily in infrastructure. And those investments paid off, with the necessary infrastructure and with market-friendly policies in place, Viet Nam became a hub for foreign investment and manufacturing in Southeast Asia.
Yet despite becoming an industrial giant, Vietnam's agricultural sector is still a major pillar of the economy. Agriculture represents 14% of GDP and employs 36% of the total workforce in 2020. Whereas Industry contributed 34.5% of GDP and employed 28% of the total workforce. Service sector represented 41.6% of GDP and employed 35% of the total workforce.
Now if you look at the trade. Today China is Vietnam’s leading trading partner with a total import and export value of US$106.7 billion, making up 22.2% of the country’s total imports and exports. Apart from China, South Korea and the US combined makes 26% of total trade which is value's 120 billion dollars.
The International trade agreements of the country have been playing a good role. In 1995, Vietnam joined the Asean free trade area. Then in the year 2000, they signed a free trade agreement with the US, and in 2007 joined the World Trade Organization. While having trade agreements with China, India, Japan and Korea. And how can we forget the recently amended Trans-Pacific Partnership. These agreements are helping the country to climb up in the value chain of the world economy.
So at the end, we can say that, in the past 30 years Vietnam has achieved tremendous growth and it is still one of the fastest growing economies. And even with all these challenges, Vietnam has potential to join the club of the high income status. And who know someday they could get near the ranks of China.
- Course related:
- AF2602 Global Economic Environment
- Subjects:
- Finance and Economics
- Keywords:
- Vietnam Economic history
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Others
Students read about the Federal Reserve System's structure and goals and the tools it uses to control the flow of money and credit in the economy. At the end of this activity, learners are asked to write how they would solve specific economic problems if they served on the Fed's Board of Governors.
- Subjects:
- Economics and Finance
- Keywords:
- Money supply Fiscal policy Macroeconomics
- Resource Type:
- Others
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e-book
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e-book
The University of North Georgia Press and Affordable Learning Georgia bring you Accounting I. Well-written and straightforward, Principles of Financial Accounting is a needed contribution to open source pedagogy in the business education world. Written in order to directly meet the needs of her students, this textbook developed from Dr. Christine Jonick’s years of teaching and commitment to effective pedagogy. Features: Peer reviewed by academic professionals and tested by students Over 100 charts and graphs Instructional exercises appearing both in-text and for Excel Resources for student professional development This textbook is an Open Education Resource. It can be reused, remixed, and reedited freely without seeking permission.
- Subjects:
- Finance and Accounting
- Keywords:
- Accounting Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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e-book
Principles of Accounting is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of a two-semester accounting course that covers the fundamentals of financial and managerial accounting. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in two volumes. This book is specifically designed to appeal to both accounting and non-accounting majors, exposing students to the core concepts of accounting in familiar ways to build a strong foundation that can be applied across business fields. Each chapter opens with a relatable real-life scenario for today’s college student. Thoughtfully designed examples are presented throughout each chapter, allowing students to build on emerging accounting knowledge. Concepts are further reinforced through applicable connections to more detailed business processes. Students are immersed in the “why” as well as the “how” aspects of accounting in order to reinforce concepts and promote comprehension over rote memorization.
- Subjects:
- Finance and Accounting
- Keywords:
- Managerial accounting Textbooks Accounting
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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e-book
Principles of Accounting is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of a two-semester accounting course that covers the fundamentals of financial and managerial accounting. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in two volumes. This book is specifically designed to appeal to both accounting and non-accounting majors, exposing students to the core concepts of accounting in familiar ways to build a strong foundation that can be applied across business fields. Each chapter opens with a relatable real-life scenario for today’s college student. Thoughtfully designed examples are presented throughout each chapter, allowing students to build on emerging accounting knowledge. Concepts are further reinforced through applicable connections to more detailed business processes. Students are immersed in the “why” as well as the “how” aspects of accounting in order to reinforce concepts and promote comprehension over rote memorization.
- Subjects:
- Finance and Accounting
- Keywords:
- Accounting Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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e-book
Personal Finance by Rachel Siegel and Carol Yacht is a comprehensive Personal Finance text which includes a wide range of pedagogical aids to keep students engaged and instructors on track. This book is arranged by learning objectives. The headings, summaries, reviews, and problems all link together via the learning objectives. This helps instructors to teach what they want, and to assign the problems that correspond to the learning objectives covered in class. Personal Finance includes personal finance planning problems with links to solutions, and personal application exercises, with links to their associated worksheet(s) or spreadsheet(s). In addition, the text boasts a large number of links to videos, podcasts, experts' tips or blogs, and magazine articles to illustrate the practical applications for concepts covered in the text. Rachel would love to hear from you. If you have questions about teaching with her book, comments about teaching Personal Finance, or just feedback, feel free to email her at rachelsiegelcfa@hughes.net. This textbook has been used in classes at: Miami University.
- Subjects:
- Finance
- Keywords:
- Investments Finance Personal Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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e-book
Open Textbook Library provides free, peer-reviewed and openly-licensed textbooks.
- Subjects:
- Accounting and Finance
- Keywords:
- Accounting Finance
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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e-book
The financial crisis of 2007-8 has already revolutionized institutions, markets, and regulation. Wright's Money and Banking V 2.0 captures those revolutionary changes and packages them in a way that engages undergraduates enrolled in Money and Banking and Financial Institutions and Markets courses. Minimal mathematics, accessible language, and a student-oriented tone ease readers into complex subjects like money, interest rates, banking, asymmetric information, financial crises and regulation, monetary policy, monetary theory, and other standard topics. Numerous short cases, called "Stop and Think" boxes, promote internalization over memorization. Exercise drills ensure basic skills competency where appropriate. Short, snappy sections that begin with a framing question enhance readability and encourage assignment completion. The 2.0 version of this text boasts substantive revisions (additions, deletions, rearrangements) of almost every chapter based on the suggestions of many Money and Banking instructors. Some specific highlights are: Chapter 11 now contains enhanced descriptions of recent regulatory changes, including Dodd-Frank, Chapter 12 is an entirely new chapter on derivatives covering forwards, futures, options, and swaps that also including comprehensive treatment of the causes and consequences of financial crises, and Chapter 14 has updated discussions of the Federal Reserve's monetary policy tools, including paying interest on reserves, and the structure and leadership of the European Central Bank. Recent financial turmoil has increased student interest in the financial system but simultaneously threatens to create false impressions and negative attitudes. This up-to-date text by a dynamic, young author encourages students to critique the financial system without rejecting its many positive attributes. Peruse the book online now to see for yourself if this book fits the needs of your course and students. This textbook has been used in classes at:Augustana College, Central Michigan University, Florida State University, Lyndon State College, Princeton University, Rutgers University, University of Southern Maine, Western Oregon University., Westminster College.
- Subjects:
- Finance
- Keywords:
- Financial institutions Money Banks banking Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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Courseware
After reviewing tools from probability, statistics, and elementary differential and partial differential equations, concepts such as hedging, arbitrage, Puts, Calls, the design of portfolios, the derivation and solution of the Blac-Scholes, and other equations are discussed.
- Subjects:
- Finance and Mathematics and Statistics
- Keywords:
- Business mathematics
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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e-book
Legal Aspects of Corporate Management and Finance is an up-to-date textbook that covers key legal issues relating to corporate management and finance. The text is organized to permit instructors to tailor the materials to their particular approach. The authors take special care to engage students by relating law to everyday events with their clear, concise and readable style. After introductory chapters covering the legal environment of business, Legal Aspects of Corporate Management and Finance provides students with context and essential legal concepts relating to contracts, agency law, partnerships, corporations, commercial paper, debtors and creditors. The text provides the vocabulary and legal savvy students will need to talk in an educated way to customers, suppliers, employees, creditors, shareholders, government regulators and other stakeholders — and to their own lawyers.
- Subjects:
- Management, Finance, and Law and Legislation
- Keywords:
- Corporations -- Finance -- Law legislation United States Corporation law Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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Others
Since Investopedia was launched in 1999, we’ve made it our mission to simplify complex financial information and decisions for our readers, giving them the confidence to manage every aspect of their financial life. Our millions of users come to us from all over the world and from all walks of life. Some are learning about money and investing for the first time, while others are experienced investors, business owners, professionals, financial advisors, and executives looking to improve their knowledge and skills. No matter who they are, we are here to help.
- Subjects:
- Finance
- Keywords:
- Investments Finance
- Resource Type:
- Others
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Others
Present value (PV) is the current value of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. Future cash flows are discounted at the discount rate, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the future cash flows. Determining the appropriate discount rate is the key to properly valuing future cash flows, whether they be earnings or debt obligations. In this page, you will learn about: (1) Present value states that an amount of money today is worth more than the same amount in the future. (2) In other words, present value shows that money received in the future is not worth as much as an equal amount received today. (3) Unspent money today could lose value in the future by an implied annual rate due to inflation or the rate of return if the money was invested. (4) Calculating present value involves assuming that a rate of return could be earned on the funds over the period.
- Course related:
- AAE4007 Aircraft Leasing and Finance
- Subjects:
- Finance and Accounting
- Keywords:
- Business mathematics Present value analysis
- Resource Type:
- Others
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e-book
This textbook is an adaptation by D. Marchand and Athabasca University of the original text written by D. Annand and H. Dauderis. It is intended for use in entry-level college and university courses in financial accounting. A corporate approach is utilized consistently throughout the book. The adapted textbook includes multiple ancillary student and instructor resources. Student aids include solutions to all end-of-chapter questions and problems, and randomly-generated spreadsheet problems that cover key concepts of each chapter. These provide unlimited practice and feedback for students. Instructor aids include an exam bank, lecture slides, and a comprehensive end-of-term case assignment. This requires students to prepare 18 different year-end adjusting entries and all four types of financial statements, and to calculate and analyze 16 different financial statement ratios. Unique versions can be created for any number of individual students or groups. Tailored solutions are provided for instructors. Another version of the textbook written by D. Annand and adapted by T. Thompson, including .docx files and ancillary material, can be obtained upon request to D. Annand (davida@athabascau.ca).
- Subjects:
- Finance and Accounting
- Keywords:
- Textbooks Accounting
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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e-book
This textbook is an adaptation by Athabasca University of the original text written by D. Annand and H. Dauderis. It is intended for use in entry-level college and university courses in financial accounting. A corporate approach is utilized consistently throughout the book. The adapted textbook includes multiple ancillary student and instructor resources. Student aids include solutions to all end-of-chapter questions and problems, and randomly-generated spreadsheet problems that cover key concepts of each chapter. These provide unlimited practice and feedback for students. Instructor aids include an exam bank, lecture slides, and a comprehensive end-of-term case assignment. This requires students to prepare 18 different year-end adjusting entries and all four types of financial statements, and to calculate and analyze 16 different financial statement ratios. Unique versions can be created for any number of individual students or groups. Tailored solutions are provided for instructors. The original Annand/Dauderis version of the textbook including .docx files and ancillary material remains available upon request to D. Annand (davida@athabascau.ca).
- Subjects:
- Finance and Accounting
- Keywords:
- Accounting Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
-
Courseware
Imagine that you are a bank and a main part of your daily business is to lend money. Unfortunately, lending money is a risky business – there is no 100% guarantee that you will get all your money back. If the borrower defaults, you will face losses in your portfolio. Or, in a bit less extreme scenario, if the credit quality of your counterparty deteriorates according to some rating system, the loan will become more risky. These are typical situations in which credit risk manifests itself. According to the Basel Accord, a global regulation framework for financial institutions, credit risk is one of the three fundamental risks a bank or any other regulated financial institution has to face when operating in the markets (the two other risks being market risk and operational risk). As the 2008 financial crisis has shown us, a correct understanding of credit risk and the ability to manage it are fundamental in today’s world. This course offers you an introduction to credit risk modelling and hedging. We will approach credit risk from the point of view of banks, but most of the tools and models we will overview can be beneficial at the corporate level as well. At the end of the course, you will be able to understand and correctly use the basic tools of credit risk management, both from a theoretical and, most of all, a practical point of view. This will be a quite unconventional course. For each methodology, we will analyse its strengths as well as its weaknesses. We will do this in a rigorous way, but also with fun: there is no need to be boring.
- Subjects:
- Management and Finance
- Keywords:
- Risk management Financial institutions Asset-liability management Bank loans -- Management Banks banking Credit analysis
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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e-book
International Finance Theory and Policy is built on Steve Suranovic's belief that to understand the international economy, students need to learn how economic models are applied to real world problems. It is true what they say, that ”economists do it with models.“ That's because economic models provide insights about the world that are simply not obtainable solely by discussion of the issues. International Finance Theory and Policy develops a unified model of the international macroeconomy. The text provides detailed descriptions of major macroeconomic variables, covers the interest rate parity and purchasing power parity theories of exchange rate determination, takes an exhaustive look at the pros and cons of trade imbalances and presents the well-known AA-DD model to explore the effects of fiscal and monetary policy under both fixed and flexible exchange rates. The models are developed, not by employing advanced mathematics, but rather by walking students through a detailed description of how a model's assumptions influence its conclusions. But more importantly, each model and theory is connected to real world policy issues. The Finance Text has the following unique features: o Begins with an historical overview of the international macroeconomy to provide context for the theory. o Concludes with a detailed discussion of the pros and cons of fixed and floating exchange rate systems. o Provides an extensive look at the issue of trade imbalances. Readers learn techniques to evaluate whether a country's trade deficit (or surplus) is dangerous, beneficial, or benign. o Explains how purchasing power parity is used to make cross country income comparisons. o Offers clear detailed explanations of the AA-DD model. o Applies the AA-DD model to understand the effects of monetary and fiscal policy on GDP, the exchange rate, and the trade balance. International Finance Theory and Policy by Steve Suranovic is intended for a one-semester course in International Finance. After March 2010, you can check out the entire book online or request a desk copy.
- Subjects:
- Finance
- Keywords:
- Foreign exchange International finance Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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Others
In this learning activity you'll calculate exchange rates to determine the impact of prices of exports and imports.
- Subjects:
- Economics and Finance
- Keywords:
- Foreign exchange rates International trade
- Resource Type:
- Others
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e-book
This new text by G. Arnold and S. Kyle, developed in collaboration by Athabasca University and Lyryx, is intended for the second of two in Intermediate Financial Accounting courses. It presumes that students have already completed the Introductory Financial Accounting, and the first Intermediate Financing Accounting course. The text reflects both current International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and ASPE. This text covers all topics essential to a second level Intermediate Accounting course: current, long-term and complex liabilities, income taxes, pensions, leases, shareholders' equity, earnings per share, statement of cash flows including the direct approach, effects of changes and errors, and disclosures and analysis. Topics that are covered in Advanced Financial Accounting courses, such as consolidations and foreign exchange, are not included here.
- Subjects:
- Finance and Accounting
- Keywords:
- Accounting Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
-
e-book
This text is intended for a first course in Intermediate Financial Accounting. It presumes that students have already completed one or two Introductory Financial Accounting courses. The book reflects current International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), such as IFRS 15 - Revenue from Contracts With Customers. It focuses on more difficult intermediate accounting topics that match prerequisite requirements for students advancing to a second level Intermediate Financial Accounting course. Advanced topics that are covered in Advanced Financial Accounting courses, such as consolidations and foreign exchange, are not included here. The text is written with an approachable style that focuses on key concepts that will be relevant to students' future careers as accountants. The book provides a review of Introductory Accounting concepts and covers all topics essential to a first level Intermediate Accounting course: the conceptual framework and current landscape of financial reporting; statements of financial position, comprehensive income, cash flows and shareholders' equity; cash and receivables; revenue; inventory; property plant and equipment; intangible assets; and intercorporate investments.
- Subjects:
- Finance and Accounting
- Keywords:
- Textbooks Accounting
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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