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Video
What if we incentivized doctors to keep us healthy instead of paying them only when we're already sick? Matthias Müllenbeck explains how this radical shift from a sick care system to a true health care system could save us from unnecessary costs and risky procedures -- and keep us healthier for longer.
- Subjects:
- Management of Health Care Services and Public Health
- Keywords:
- Medical care Medical economics Medical care Cost of
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
Human population growth and urbanization have accelerated dramatically in recent centuries, providing unprecedented opportunities for microbes that use our bodies as vehicles for their own propagation and transmission. These conditions have led to the emergence of virulent new pathogens and the increased prevalence of “classic” scourges, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This tenacious microbe is transmitted via infectious aerosols produced by individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis. Infection is lifelong and symptomatic tuberculosis may develop following a period of clinical latency lasting for months, years, or decades. The first part of this lecture provides an overview of the natural history of TB infection and the global impact of TB on human health. Tuberculosis remains one of the most important causes of human disease and death despite the introduction of vaccination in 1921 and chemotherapy in 1952. Although these interventions are inexpensive and widely available their impact is limited. The effectiveness of vaccination is unclear; in clinical trials, the protection conferred by vaccination has been variable and generally poor. Although chemotherapy can be highly effective, multiple drugs must be administered for 6-9 months to provide a reliable cure; the majority of tuberculosis patients are unable or unwilling to complete such a demanding regimen unless closely supervised. The second part of this lecture will discuss the challenges facing development of more effective vaccines and drugs for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. The principal obstacle to successful treatment of tuberculosis is the lengthy duration of current regimens, which require administration of multiple drugs for 6-9 months. The requirement for prolonged therapy is attributed to sub-populations of bacillary “persisters” that are refractory to antimicrobials. The persisters are not drug-resistant in the conventional (heritable) sense and it is a mystery why they are spared whilst their genetically identical siblings are killed. The third part of this lecture describes recent work in our laboratory using microfluidics and time-lapse microscopy to analyze the behavior of drug-stressed bacteria at single-cell resolution. These studies challenge conventional views of how antimicrobials kill (or fail to kill) bacteria. All pathogens must acquire and assimilate nutrients from their hosts in order to grow and multiply — our tissues are literally their food — yet surprisingly little is known about this fundamental aspect of the pathogenic lifestyle. Accumulating evidence suggests that M. tuberculosis might utilize fatty acids as its principal carbon and energy source during infection. The fourth part of this lecture describes work in our laboratory that is focused on identifying the metabolic pathways that are essential for growth and persistence of M. tuberculosis in vivo. Some of these pathways are potentially interesting targets for antimicrobial drug development, as they are not found in human cells.
- Subjects:
- Public Health and Health Sciecnes
- Keywords:
- Tuberculosis Public health
- Resource Type:
- Video
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e-book
Introducing public health ethics poses two special challenges. First, it is a relatively new field that combines public health and practical ethics. Its unfamiliarity requires considerable explanation, yet its scope and emergent qualities make delineation difficult. Moreover, while the early development of public health ethics occurred in a western context, its reach, like public health itself, has become global. A second challenge, then, is to articulate an approach specific enough to provide clear guidance yet sufficiently flexible and encompassing to adapt to global contexts. Broadly speaking, public health ethics helps guide practical decisions affecting population or community health based on scientific evidence and in accordance with accepted values and standards of right and wrong. In these ways, public health ethics builds on its parent disciplines of public health and ethics. This dual inheritance plays out in the definition the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers of public health ethics: “A systematic process to clarify, prioritize, and justify possible courses of public health action based on ethical principles, values and beliefs of stakeholders, and scientific and other information” (CDC 2011). Public health ethics shares with other fields of practical and professional ethics both the general theories of ethics and a common store of ethical principles, values, and beliefs. It differs from these other fields largely in the nature of challenges that public health officials typically encounter and in the ethical frameworks it employs to address these challenges. Frameworks provide methodical approaches or procedures that tailor general ethical theories, principles, values, and beliefs to the specific ethical challenges that arise in a particular field. Although no framework is definitive, many are useful, and some are especially effective in particular contexts. This chapter will conclude by setting forth a straightforward, stepwise ethics framework that provides a tool for analyzing the cases in this volume and, more importantly, one that public health practitioners have found useful in a range of contexts. For a public health practitioner, knowing how to employ an ethics framework to address a range of ethical challenges in public health—a know-how that depends on practice—is the ultimate take-home message.
- Subjects:
- Public Health
- Keywords:
- Public health -- Moral ethical aspects Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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Courseware
Introduces the major concepts and principles of public health and the determinants of health status in communities. Emphasizes the ecological model that focuses on the linkages and relationships among multiple natural and social determinants affecting health. Course may be offered online.
- Subjects:
- Public Health
- Keywords:
- Public health Public health administration
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
Student participatory course practicing initiation, planning, and coordination of various speakers on the subject of Disparities in Health Care. Topics in this course include: mental health, Health Care financing, religion and spirituality in health, immigration and medical care, women's health, geriatrics, and prison health.
- Subjects:
- Public Health
- Keywords:
- Public health Health services accessibility Discrimination in medical care
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
This course provides direct opportunities for Public Health majors to observe and participate in public health activities and/or research; and to cultivate skills for verbal and written communication of contemporary public health topics for an integrative culminating experience,
- Subjects:
- Public Health
- Keywords:
- Public health Public health administration
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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e-book
This course was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a self-study course. Students who successfully complete this course should be able to correctly: Describe key features and applications of descriptive and analytic epidemiology. Calculate and interpret ratios, proportions, incidence rates, mortality rates, prevalence, and years of potential life lost. Calculate and interpret mean, median, mode, ranges, variance, standard deviation, and confidence interval. Prepare and apply tables, graphs, and charts such as arithmetic-scale line, scatter diagram, pie chart, and box plot. Describe the processes, uses, and evaluation of public health surveillance. Describe the steps of an outbreak investigation.
- Course related:
- SN3303 Public Health and Infection Control
- Subjects:
- Public Health and Health Sciences
- Keywords:
- Public health Epidemiology Biometry
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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Courseware
This course introduces the student to global health concepts and the network of organizations working to advance health care internationally. Emphasis for this course is on the global burden of disease and determinates of health. It will provide the student with a broad introduction to programs, systems and policies affecting global health. Students will explore facets of the global health care delivery system, health care economics and the political process and its impact on the health of individuals and populations.
- Subjects:
- Public Health
- Keywords:
- Medical economics Public health administration World health Children -- Health hygiene
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Others
In this interactive object, learners identify a variety of prevention activities as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences and Public Health
- Keywords:
- Preventive health services
- Resource Type:
- Others
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Video
How can Africa, a continent that has 54% of the world's communicable diseases but only 2% of the world's doctors, develop a healthcare system that is both efficient and effective? Healthcare consultant Mathieu Lamiuex believes emerging economies could outperform developed nations' healthcare systems by "leapfrogging" over their inefficiencies and deeply embedded mistakes. By creating an innovative and adaptive system based on modern innovations, Lamiuex believes we could do much more with much less.
- Subjects:
- Public Health and Management of Health Care Services
- Keywords:
- Medical care -- Africa
- Resource Type:
- Video