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MedlinePlus is a service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the world's largest medical library, which is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Our mission is to present high-quality, relevant health and wellness information that is trusted, easy to understand, and free of advertising, in both English and Spanish. Anywhere, anytime, on any device—for free.
- Course related:
- ABCT1D13 Introduction to Cancer and HSS2011 Human Anatomy
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences and Nursing
- Keywords:
- Medicine -- Computer network resources Health -- Computer network resources Medical care -- Computer network resources
- Resource Type:
- Others
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Video
It's an increasingly common sight in hospitals around the world: a nurse measures our height, weight, blood pressure, and attaches a glowing plastic clip to our finger. Suddenly, a digital screen reads out the oxygen level in our bloodstream. How did that happen? Sajan Saini shows how pairing light with integrated photonics is leading to new medical technologies and less invasive diagnostic tools.
- Subjects:
- Biomedical Engineering, Electronic and Information Processing, and Health Sciences
- Keywords:
- Medical technology Diagnosis
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
Irina Kareva translates biology into mathematics and vice versa. She writes mathematical models that describe the dynamics of cancer, with the goal of developing new drugs that target tumors. "The power and beauty of mathematical modeling lies in the fact that it makes you formalize, in a very rigorous way, what we think we know," Kareva says. "It can help guide us to where we should keep looking, and where there may be a dead end." It all comes down to asking the right question and translating it to the right equation, and back.
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences and Mathematics and Statistics
- Keywords:
- Cancer -- Mathematical models Cancer cells -- Mathematical models
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
In 1997, Brazilian football player Roberto Carlos set up for a 35 meter free kick with no direct line to the goal. Carlos's shot sent the ball flying wide of the players, but just before going out of bounds it hooked to the left and soared into the net. How did he do it? Erez Garty describes the physics behind one of the most magnificent goals in the history of football.
- Subjects:
- Physics
- Keywords:
- Soccer -- Kicking Physics
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
Human population growth and urbanization have accelerated dramatically in recent centuries, providing unprecedented opportunities for microbes that use our bodies as vehicles for their own propagation and transmission. These conditions have led to the emergence of virulent new pathogens and the increased prevalence of “classic” scourges, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This tenacious microbe is transmitted via infectious aerosols produced by individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis. Infection is lifelong and symptomatic tuberculosis may develop following a period of clinical latency lasting for months, years, or decades. The first part of this lecture provides an overview of the natural history of TB infection and the global impact of TB on human health. Tuberculosis remains one of the most important causes of human disease and death despite the introduction of vaccination in 1921 and chemotherapy in 1952. Although these interventions are inexpensive and widely available their impact is limited. The effectiveness of vaccination is unclear; in clinical trials, the protection conferred by vaccination has been variable and generally poor. Although chemotherapy can be highly effective, multiple drugs must be administered for 6-9 months to provide a reliable cure; the majority of tuberculosis patients are unable or unwilling to complete such a demanding regimen unless closely supervised. The second part of this lecture will discuss the challenges facing development of more effective vaccines and drugs for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. The principal obstacle to successful treatment of tuberculosis is the lengthy duration of current regimens, which require administration of multiple drugs for 6-9 months. The requirement for prolonged therapy is attributed to sub-populations of bacillary “persisters” that are refractory to antimicrobials. The persisters are not drug-resistant in the conventional (heritable) sense and it is a mystery why they are spared whilst their genetically identical siblings are killed. The third part of this lecture describes recent work in our laboratory using microfluidics and time-lapse microscopy to analyze the behavior of drug-stressed bacteria at single-cell resolution. These studies challenge conventional views of how antimicrobials kill (or fail to kill) bacteria. All pathogens must acquire and assimilate nutrients from their hosts in order to grow and multiply — our tissues are literally their food — yet surprisingly little is known about this fundamental aspect of the pathogenic lifestyle. Accumulating evidence suggests that M. tuberculosis might utilize fatty acids as its principal carbon and energy source during infection. The fourth part of this lecture describes work in our laboratory that is focused on identifying the metabolic pathways that are essential for growth and persistence of M. tuberculosis in vivo. Some of these pathways are potentially interesting targets for antimicrobial drug development, as they are not found in human cells.
- Subjects:
- Public Health and Health Sciecnes
- Keywords:
- Tuberculosis Public health
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
Listen closely -- Marvin Minsky's arch, eclectic, charmingly offhand talk on health, overpopulation and the human mind is packed with subtlety: wit, wisdom and just an ounce of wily, is-he-joking? advice.
- Subjects:
- Social Sciences
- Keywords:
- Overpopulation Social problems
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
For a full year, A.J. Jacobs followed every piece of health advice he could -- from applying sunscreen by the shot glass to wearing a bicycle helmet while shopping. Onstage at TEDMED, he shares the surprising things he learned.
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences
- Keywords:
- Health behavior Noise pollution Joy
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
You can use your smartphone to find a local ATM, but what if you need a defibrillator? Lucien Engelen shows us online innovations that are changing the way we save lives, including a crowdsourced map of local AEDs.
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences and Health Technology and Informatics
- Keywords:
- Medical care Medical technology
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
Using a mobile app to check glucose levels, sending selfies to receive diagnoses and receiving text reminders to take pills. Is this what the future of healthcare will look like? Karalee Close believes it should, considering that medical mistakes are the fourth leading cause of death in the US. She argues that a closer marriage of technology, big data and healthcare can improve today's system -- especially when it comes to mitigating human error.
- Subjects:
- Health Technology and Informatics
- Keywords:
- Medical technology Public health -- Data processing
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
The things we eat and drink on a daily basis can impact our health in big ways. Too many carbohydrates, for instance, can lead to insulin resistance, which is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes. But what are carbs, exactly? And what do they do to our bodies? Richard J. Wood explains.
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences and Food Science
- Keywords:
- Carbohydrates Nutrition
- Resource Type:
- Video