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This course is intended for students enrolling for BSc with Education and BEd degrees. Solid state physics forms the backborn of physics. The module has four units: Introduction to solid state physics; Crystal defects and mechanical properties ; Thermal and electrical properties; and Band theory & Optical properties.In the first unit/activity i.e. introduction to solid state physics. The student is expected to explain the atomic structure, describe the various atomic bonds such as ionic bonds and covalent bonds. The learning will also require students to distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids; polycrystalline and amorphous solids and to explain the production and use of X-ray diffraction. In the second unit i.e. crystal defects and mechanical properties, the learning includes, differentiating between the different types of crystal defects: the point defects (vacancy, interstitials, and substitutional) and dislocations (screw and edge). Here, the student learns that point defects are very localised and are of atomic size, while dislocation is a disorder which extend beyond the volume of one or two atoms. The effects of the defects on mechanical, and electrical properties of these defects are also part of the learning that will take place. In unit three the learning outcomes include definitions of heat capacity, and explanations of variation of heat capacity with temperature based on the classical, Einstein and Debye models. The students will be required to use the free electron theory to explain high thermal and electrical conductivities of metals and also be able to derive and apply the Wiedermann-Frantz law. Finally, in activity four, the expected learning should enable the students to use the band theory to explain the differences between conductors, semiconductors and insulators; explain the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors in relation to the role of doping. At the end of it all, the students use the concepts of the interaction of electromagnetic waves (light) with materials to explain optical absorption, reflectivity and transmissivity.
- Subjects:
- Physics
- Keywords:
- Solid state physics
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
The BIIG problem-solving method is unique in that it forces us to concentrate on decoding a real-world word problem completely into meaningful parts and aids us in finding and applying the right formula to easily arrive at the correct solution. As desired, it places less emphasis on the memorization of factual detail and more emphasis on the understanding of concepts. Evidently, this method is beneficial in many ways as it aids students in honing skills in critical thinking, logical approach and attention to detail. As a method for organizing information it helps students avoid errors and sets them on a path to succeed. As long as the numbers are “buddied up” with their units, “identified” by the appropriate variables, “isolated” within the context, and the answer is presented “gourmet”, or explained in terms of the original question, finding a solution to any complex problem will become seamless, understandable and enjoyable. This innovation in science education fosters a passion for learning and serves as a foundation for a new paradigm for problem-solving in any discipline of science worldwide.
- Subjects:
- Physics
- Keywords:
- Problem solving Physics
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
Offshore Hydromechanics includes the following modules: 1. Hydrostatics, static floating stability, constant 2-D potential flow of ideal fluids, and flows in real fluids. Introduction to resistance and propulsion of ships. Review of linear regular and irregular wave theory. 2. Analytical and numerical means to determine the flow around, forces on, and motions of floating bodies in waves. 3. Higher order potential theory and inclusion of non-linear effects in ship motions. Applications to motion of moored ships and to the determination of workability. 4. Interaction between the sea and sea bottom as well as the hydrodynamic forces and especially survival loads on slender structures.
- Subjects:
- Hydraulic Engineering
- Keywords:
- Offshore structures -- Hydrodynamics Hydrostatics Fluid mechanics
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
Design and construction of breakwaters and closure dams in estuaries and rivers. Functional requirements, determination of boundary conditions, spatial and constructional design and construction aspects of breakwaters and dams consisting of rock, sand and caissons. Overview and history of breakwater and closure dam construction. The general design principles of a breakwater and a closure dam. Determination of boundary conditions for dams and breakwaters, with special attention to the design frequency. Methods to determine the design wave height from wave statistics. Overview of other boundary conditions (geotechnical and hydraulic). Materials, quarries and rock properties. Various properties of the different types of dams and breakwaters, like stability of riprap in current and wave conditions, design of armour layer, natural rock and concrete elements. The use of caissons for breakwaters and closure dams. Computation of element size using classical formulae, partial safety coefficients and probabilistic methods. Plan and cross section of breakwaters. Practical examples of breakwaters and closure dams. Execution (marine or land based equipment) of the works. Failure mechanisms and (cost) optimisation. One-week exercise in which a group of two or three students has to design a breakwater and a closure dam.
- Subjects:
- Hydraulic Engineering
- Keywords:
- Tidal basins Breakwaters -- Design construction River channels Dams -- Design construction
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
Design of shoreline protection along rivers, canals and the sea; load on bed and shoreline by currents, wind waves and ship motion; stability of elements under current and wave conditions; stability of shore protection elements; design methods, construction methods. Flow: recapitulation of basics from fluid mechanics (flow, turbulence), stability of individual grains (sand, but also rock) in different type of flow conditions (weirs, jets), scour and erosion. Porous Media: basic equation, pressures and velocities on the stability on the boundary layer; groundwater flow with impermeable and semi-impermeable structures; granular filters and geotextiles. Waves: recapitulation of the basics of waves, focus on wave forces on the land-water boundary, specific aspects of ship induced waves, stability of elements under wave action (loose rock, placed blocks, impermeable layers) Design: overview of the various types of protections, construction and maintenance; design requirements, deterministic and probabilistic design; case studies, examples Materials and environment: overview of materials to be used, teraction with the aquatic environment, role of the land-water boundary as part of the ecosystem; environmentally sound shoreline design.
- Subjects:
- Hydraulic Engineering
- Keywords:
- Shore protection Coast defenses
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
The course “Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer,” course number ta3220, is third-year BSc course in the program of Applied Earth Sciences at Delft University of Technology. Students in this class have already taken a course in “Transport Phenomena” in the second year, and “Fluid Flow Heat and Mass Transfer” is designed as a follow-up to that class, with an emphasis on topics of importance in applied earth sciences, and in particular to Petroleum Engineering, groundwater flow and mining. In practice, however I start over again with first principles with this class, because the initial concepts of the shell balance are difficult for students to grasp and can always use a second time through. The course covers simple fluid mechanics problems (rectilinear flow) using shell balances, for Newtonian and power-law fluids and Bingham plastics. Turbulence for Newtonian fluids is covered in the context of friction factors for flow in pipes, flow around spheres and flow in packed beds. In heat transfer we start again with shell balances for solving simple steady-state conduction problems. Thereafter, special attention is given to unsteady and multidimensional heat conduction, since the equations are similar for unsteady flow in aquifers and petroleum reservoirs. The concepts of orthogonal conduction and superposition are emphasized, as well as ways to treat perfectly insulated boundaries. The final topic in heat transfer is estimation of heat-transfer coefficients in flow in tubes. Although no other geometries are treated explicitly, I hope students recognize certain principles they can apply to other situations. We cover mass transfer only lightly, and only as by analogy to heat conduction: unsteady diffusion (by analogy to unsteady head conduction) and mass transfer in tubes (by analogy to heat transfer in tubes).
- Subjects:
- Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics
- Keywords:
- Heat -- Transmission Mass transfer Fluid mechanics
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
Introduction to seismic theory, measurements and processing of seismic data to final focussed image for geological and/or physical interpretation.This course deals with the most important aspects of reflection seismics. Theory of seismic waves, aspects of data acquisition (seismic sources, receivers and recorders), and of data processing (CMP processing, velocity analysis, stacking, migration) will be dealt with. The course will be supplemented by a practical of 6 afternoons where the students will see the most important data-processing steps via exercises (in Matlab).
- Subjects:
- Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics and Disaster Control and Management
- Keywords:
- Seismic prospecting Seismometry Earthquakes Seismic reflection method
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
Basic principles: Hydrostatics, constant flow phenomena and waves The treated theory includes: - Archimedes’ Law, hydrostatic pressure - Stability computations for floating structures – including the effect of shifting loads, and partially filled fluid tanks - Potential flow basics, 2D potential flow elements, superposition principle - Real (viscous) flows, scaling laws, flow regimes - Fluid forces on structures, drag and lift, resistance and propulsion, wind and current loads - Linear wave theory in regular and irregular waves and wave statistics
- Subjects:
- Hydraulic Engineering
- Keywords:
- Offshore structures -- Hydrodynamics Hydrodynamics Hydrostatics Fluid mechanics Waves
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
Are you fascinated by Geosciences and willing to take the challenge of predicting the nature and behavior of the Earth subsurface? This is your course! In a voyage through the Earth, Geoscience: the Earth and its Resources will explore the Earth interior and the processes forming mountains and sedimentary basins. You will understand how the sediments are formed, transported, deposited and deformed. You will develop knowledge on the behavior of petroleum and water resources. The course has an innovative approach focusing on key fundamental processes, exploring their nature and quantitative interactions. It will be shown how this acquired knowledge is used to predict the nature and behavior of the Earth subsurface. This is your ideal first step as a future Geoscientists or professional to upgrade your knowledge in the domain of Earth Sciences.
- Subjects:
- Environmental Sciences and Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics
- Keywords:
- Plate tectonics Earth sciences Petroleum -- Geology Geology Hydrology
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
The Geology 1 course is composed of three parts dedicated to 1. general knowledge of the system Earth, 2. tools for the 3D geometric representation of geological objects and 3. methods and techniques for the recognition of fundamental minerals and rocks.
- Subjects:
- Environmental Sciences and Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics
- Keywords:
- Rock mechanics Minerals Earth sciences Geology
- Resource Type:
- Courseware