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Video
Human population growth and urbanization have accelerated dramatically in recent centuries, providing unprecedented opportunities for microbes that use our bodies as vehicles for their own propagation and transmission. These conditions have led to the emergence of virulent new pathogens and the increased prevalence of “classic” scourges, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This tenacious microbe is transmitted via infectious aerosols produced by individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis. Infection is lifelong and symptomatic tuberculosis may develop following a period of clinical latency lasting for months, years, or decades. The first part of this lecture provides an overview of the natural history of TB infection and the global impact of TB on human health. Tuberculosis remains one of the most important causes of human disease and death despite the introduction of vaccination in 1921 and chemotherapy in 1952. Although these interventions are inexpensive and widely available their impact is limited. The effectiveness of vaccination is unclear; in clinical trials, the protection conferred by vaccination has been variable and generally poor. Although chemotherapy can be highly effective, multiple drugs must be administered for 6-9 months to provide a reliable cure; the majority of tuberculosis patients are unable or unwilling to complete such a demanding regimen unless closely supervised. The second part of this lecture will discuss the challenges facing development of more effective vaccines and drugs for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. The principal obstacle to successful treatment of tuberculosis is the lengthy duration of current regimens, which require administration of multiple drugs for 6-9 months. The requirement for prolonged therapy is attributed to sub-populations of bacillary “persisters” that are refractory to antimicrobials. The persisters are not drug-resistant in the conventional (heritable) sense and it is a mystery why they are spared whilst their genetically identical siblings are killed. The third part of this lecture describes recent work in our laboratory using microfluidics and time-lapse microscopy to analyze the behavior of drug-stressed bacteria at single-cell resolution. These studies challenge conventional views of how antimicrobials kill (or fail to kill) bacteria. All pathogens must acquire and assimilate nutrients from their hosts in order to grow and multiply — our tissues are literally their food — yet surprisingly little is known about this fundamental aspect of the pathogenic lifestyle. Accumulating evidence suggests that M. tuberculosis might utilize fatty acids as its principal carbon and energy source during infection. The fourth part of this lecture describes work in our laboratory that is focused on identifying the metabolic pathways that are essential for growth and persistence of M. tuberculosis in vivo. Some of these pathways are potentially interesting targets for antimicrobial drug development, as they are not found in human cells.
- Subjects:
- Public Health and Health Sciecnes
- Keywords:
- Tuberculosis Public health
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
Sue Desmond-Hellmann is using precision public health -- an approach that incorporates big data, consumer monitoring, gene sequencing and other innovative tools -- to solve the world's most difficult medical problems. It's already helped cut HIV transmission from mothers to babies by nearly half in sub-Saharan Africa, and now it's being used to address alarming infant mortality rates all over the world. The goal: to save lives by bringing the right interventions to the right populations at the right time.
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences and Biology
- Keywords:
- Medicial informatics Big data Public health
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
What does the health of a region's animal population say about the health of the local humans? More than you'd think, argues Tracey McNamara. As an expert in zoonotics -- the study of diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans -- McNamara explains how paying attention to animal disease patterns could have predicted events like the 1999 West Nile Virus outbreak and stresses the need for global health agencies to start monitoring animals just as closely as they do people.
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences
- Keywords:
- Communicable diseases in animals Public health Zoonoses
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Video
For the poor and vulnerable, the health impacts of climate change are already here, says physician Cheryl Holder. Unseasonably hot temperatures, disease-carrying mosquitoes and climate gentrification threaten those with existing health conditions, while wealthier people move to higher ground. In an impassioned talk, Holder proposes impactful ways clinicians can protect their patients from climate-related health challenges -- and calls on doctors, politicians and others to build a care system that incorporates economic and social justice.
- Subjects:
- Social ecology and Health Sciences
- Keywords:
- Public health Climatic changes -- Social aspects
- Resource Type:
- Video
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Others
In this page, it covers various health topics, for example, addictive behaviours, blood products, clinical trials, disability, and Ebola virus disease etc.
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences
- Keywords:
- Public health Health
- Resource Type:
- Others
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e-book
This course was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a self-study course. Students who successfully complete this course should be able to correctly: Describe key features and applications of descriptive and analytic epidemiology. Calculate and interpret ratios, proportions, incidence rates, mortality rates, prevalence, and years of potential life lost. Calculate and interpret mean, median, mode, ranges, variance, standard deviation, and confidence interval. Prepare and apply tables, graphs, and charts such as arithmetic-scale line, scatter diagram, pie chart, and box plot. Describe the processes, uses, and evaluation of public health surveillance. Describe the steps of an outbreak investigation.
- Course related:
- SN3303 Public Health and Infection Control
- Subjects:
- Public Health and Health Sciences
- Keywords:
- Public health Epidemiology Biometry
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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Others
The CDC A-Z Index is a navigational and informational tool that makes the CDC.gov Website easier to use. It helps you quickly find and retrieve specific information. The A-Z index is structured so that synonyms, acronyms, and cross-referencing provide multiple ways for you to access the topics and features on CDC.gov. The index includes common and scientific terms to meet the needs of consumers as well as health professionals.
- Subjects:
- Health Sciences
- Keywords:
- Public health Medicine Preventive Centers for Disease Control Prevention (U.S.)
- Resource Type:
- Others
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Courseware
This course draws on different disciplines, conceptual frameworks, and methodological approaches to examine gender in relation to health, including public health practice, epidemiologic research, health policy, and clinical application. It discusses a variety of health-related issues that illustrate global, international, domestic, and historical perspectives, while considering other social determinants of health as well, including social class and race.
- Subjects:
- Sociology
- Keywords:
- Public health Gender identity Equality -- Health aspects
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
Introduces the major concepts and principles of public health and the determinants of health status in communities. Emphasizes the ecological model that focuses on the linkages and relationships among multiple natural and social determinants affecting health. Course may be offered online.
- Subjects:
- Public Health
- Keywords:
- Public health Public health administration
- Resource Type:
- Courseware
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Courseware
Student participatory course practicing initiation, planning, and coordination of various speakers on the subject of Disparities in Health Care. Topics in this course include: mental health, Health Care financing, religion and spirituality in health, immigration and medical care, women's health, geriatrics, and prison health.
- Subjects:
- Public Health
- Keywords:
- Public health Health services accessibility Discrimination in medical care
- Resource Type:
- Courseware