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Learners follow a four-step process to determine the empirical formula of a compound from the masses of its constituent elements. The molecular formula is determined in a fifth step using the molecular weight of the compound.
- Subjects:
- Chemistry
- Keywords:
- Molecular weights Chemistry Physical theoretical
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- Others
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Video
Comparing initial rates to determine the order of reaction is a very common question in Kinetics.
Let's take a look at an example:
The objective is to choose a pair of experiments for comparison where the concentration of a reactant changes and ideally the concentration of other reactants remain constant. This means that any change in the initial rates of the experiments must be due to the change in the concentration of that reactant, and we can figure out the order from there.
1. Order of Reaction with respect to HCl
Comparing experiments 1 and 3, concentration of HCl doubles and there is no change in concentration of sucrose. So the change in initial rates must be due to HCl only. We can work out the change in initial rates to be 2 times. This means when concentration of HCl doubles, initial rate doubles. Therefore order of the reaction with respect to HCl will be order 1. For comparison, if order of reaction is zero, initial rate will remain unchanged when concentration of HCl doubles. If order of reaction is 2, initial rate will increase by 4 times (2^2 times) when concentration of HCl doubles. Since we only have 3 possible orders to consider, figuring out the order of reaction is quite straightforward.
2. Order of Reaction with respect to sucrose
Comparing experiments 1 and 2, concentration of sucrose increase by 1.5 times and there is no change in concentration of HCl. So the increase in initial rates by 1.5 times must be due to sucrose only. Since this is a proportionate increase, order of reaction with respect to sucrose is also order 1. Finally we can write out the rate equation for this reaction to be: rate = k [HCl][sucrose]
- Course related:
- ABCT 2701 Analytical Chemistry
- Subjects:
- Chemistry
- Keywords:
- Chemistry Physical theoretical
- Resource Type:
- Video
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e-book
Le manuel est un résumé des principales activités du cours de conférences sur la chimie physique et colloïdale (en 2 parties) et constitue la base théorique des méthodes de contrôle de la qualité des médicaments et vise à acquérir les connaissances et les compétences nécessaires pour travailler dans ce domaine. Destiné aux étudiants francophones étrangers.
- Subjects:
- Chemistry
- Keywords:
- Drugs -- Quality control Chemistry Physical theoretical Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book
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e-book
The overall goal of the authors with General Chemistry: Principles, Patterns, and Applications was to produce a text that introduces the students to the relevance and excitement of chemistry. Although much of first-year chemistry is taught as a service course, Bruce and Patricia feel there is no reason that the intrinsic excitement and potential of chemistry cannot be the focal point of the text and the course. So, they emphasize the positive aspects of chemistry and its relationship to students' lives, which requires bringing in applications early and often. In addition, the authors feel that many first year chemistry students have an enthusiasm for biologically and medically relevant topics, so they use an integrated approach in their text that includes explicit discussions of biological and environmental applications of chemistry. Topics relevant to materials science are also introduced to meet the more specific needs of engineering students. To facilitate integration of such material, simple organic structures, nomenclature, and reactions are introduced very early in the text, and both organic and inorganic examples are used wherever possible. This approach emphasizes the distinctions between ionic and covalent bonding, thus enhancing the students' chance of success in the organic chemistry course that traditionally follows general chemistry. Finally, the authors made a conscious effort to treat material that has traditionally been relegated to boxes, and thus perhaps perceived as peripheral by the students, by incorporating it into the text to serve as a learning tool. To begin the discussion of chemistry rapidly, the traditional first chapter introducing units, significant figures, conversion factors, dimensional analysis, and so on, has been reorganized. The material has been placed in the chapters where the relevant concepts are first introduced, thus providing three advantages: Eliminates the tedium of the traditional approach, which introduces mathematical operations at the outset, and thus avoids the perception that chemistry is a mathematics course; Avoids the early introduction of operations such as logarithms and exponents, which are typically not encountered again for several chapters and may easily be forgotten when they are needed; and Provides a review for those students who have already had relatively sophisticated high school chemistry and math courses, although the sections are designed primarily for students unfamiliar with the topic. Consider this text for your course if you are interested in In summary, a text that represents a step in the evolution of general chemistry texts toward one that reflects the increasing overlap between chemistry and other disciplines. Most importantly, if you want a text that discusses exciting and relevant aspects of biological, environmental, and materials science that are usually relegated to the last few chapters, in a format that allows the you to tailor the emphasis to the needs of the class. Request your desk copy today.
- Subjects:
- Chemistry
- Keywords:
- Environmental chemistry Chemistry Physical theoretical Chemistry Textbooks
- Resource Type:
- e-book