Theory of Change and Logic Models (Technical Assistance Bulletin)

Theory of Change and Logic Models is a technical assistance bulletin published by the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape (PCAR) to guide non-profit organizations, educators, and program evaluators through systematic program planning, implementation, and evaluation. Accessible and section 508-compliant, this practical guide clarifies the conceptual foundation and practical distinctions between a Theory of Change and a Logic Model within human services and sexual violence prevention programs. The document breaks down the structural components of a standard logic model, systematically defining inputs (resources), activities, outputs (service delivery units), short-term outcomes (changes in knowledge, awareness, or skills), intermediate outcomes (behavioral or practice shifts), long-term outcomes (systemic or community-level conditions), and broader social impact. By demonstrating how to visually map causal links, define measurement indicators, and explicitly state underlying assumptions and external environmental factors, the guide provides actionable strategies for demonstrating program efficacy and alignment with grant funding criteria. Serving as an open-access instructional tool, this resource is highly valuable for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and practitioners in social work, public health, non-profit management, and program evaluation.